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Abstract Introduction: Propofol is a widely used anesthetic and its dose is closely related to aging. Telomere length (TL) is a unique heritable trait, and emerging as a biomarker of aging, health and disease. Telomerase RNA component (TERC) plays an important role in maintaining TL. We proposed a hypothesis that propofol dose in general anesthesia can be predicted by measuring TL before operation, which greatly reduced the risk of anesthesia, especially the elderly. Methods: The association between the propofol dose in anesthesia induction and: TL in the DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes; body weight; sex; difference of the Bispectral Index (BIS) before and after anesthesia induction in patients was evaluated by multivariable linear regression analyses. The mutation at the 5'end or 3'end of TERC was detected. We recruited 100 patients of elective surgery. Results: We found that propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated significantly with TL (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p= 0.84, p = 0.004), sex (r = 0.83, p = 0.004), and difference of BIS before and after anesthesia induction (r = 0.85, p = 0.029). By comparing the absolute values of standardized regression coefficients (0.58, 0.21, 0.19, and 0.12) of the four variables, it can be seen that TL contributes the most to the propofol dose in anesthesia induction. However, the mutation at the 5' end or 3' end of TERC was not found. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that the propofol dose in anesthesia induction was clearly correlated with genetically determined TL. TL may be a promising predictor of the propofol dose, which is beneficial to improve the safety of anesthesia and reduce perioperative complications.
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Humans , Aged , Propofol/pharmacology , Body Weight , DNA , Telomere , Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology , Electroencephalography , Anesthesia, General , LeukocytesABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of the domestic "Skywalker" surgical robot in implementing personalized lower limb alignment reconstruction scheme in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the short-term clinical outcome of robotic assisted TKA.Methods:From September 2020 to January 2021, the data of patients who received surgical robot assisted TKA in 5 clinical centers in China (Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Southwest Hospital affiliated to Third Military Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, and Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was the group leader) were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. There were 24 males and 82 females with an average age of 67.6±7.3 years, (range 45-80 years); Average body mass index 26.42±4.31 kg/m 2, all the operation were performed by "Skywalker" surgical robot system according to preoperative design based on CT. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization days and postoperative complications were recorded, and the imaging indexes including hip-knee-ankle (HKA), lateral distal angle of femur (LDFA) and medial proximal angle of tibia (MPTA) measured before and after the operation, implant model indexes (preoperative planning implant model and postoperative implant model) and short-term clinical efficacy indexes [Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index] pain score, stiffness score, joint function score, total score and SF-12 score before and 3 months after the operation) were compared. Results:The average follow-up period was 109.60±9.80 d, (range 95-143 d). The average operation time of 106 patients was 105.30±23.22 min; The average intraoperative blood loss was 141.70±58.33 ml; The average length of hospitalization was 5.82±2.80 d. One patient had ischemic stroke after operation, and one patient had abnormal liver function after operation. According to the judgment of the investigator, all of them were not related to the operation. The actual angle error is the difference between the preoperative planning angle and the postoperative measurement angle. The absolute error of 99.1% (105/106) of the HKA angle was within 3°, 90.8% (69/76) of LDFA, 98.7% (75/76) of the MPTA. In 45 patients in one center where data were available, the actual implant models used in all patients were consistent with the preoperative planning size, and there were only differences in version selection such as Asian condyle. WOMAC pain score, joint function score, total score was improved from 7.34±2.85, 25.10±9.85, 34.75±13.02 to 3.34±2.66, 14.68±9.64, 18.66±13.49 before and after operation, respectively, which were statistically significant ( P<0.001) and SF-12 physiological score and psychological score were improved form 27.24±6.42, 30.68±8.26 to 38.83±5.74, 39.36±7.85 before and after operation, respectively, which were statistically significant ( t=7.33, P<0.001; t=4.53, P=0.043). Conclusion:Domestic surgical robot system "Skywalker" can assist the surgeon to achieve accurate and personalized reconstruction of lower limb alignment and achieve satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes. The long-term clinical outcomes of personalized reconstruction and survival rate of implant still need to be further studied.
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Objective:To assess the early physical growth and development of human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected (HEU) children by longitudinally comparing the differences of growth and development between HEU group and the healthy human immunodeficiency virus-unexposed uninfected (HUU) control group of children aged 0 to 18 months.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was designed.Maternal information of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected mothers and follow-up information at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postpartum of their children (born between January 2013 and December 2019 in Chengdu City) were collected from the Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Management. The HUU control group was matched with HEU group by maternal age, gestational age at birth, and infant gender at a ratio of 1∶1. There were 385 children each included in the HEU and HUU groups. Matched samples t-test and the multilevel models were used to compared the physical developmental differences between the two groups. Results:Weight for age Z scores (WAZ) at 0, 3, 6 months of HEU group were -0.72±1.03, -0.09±1.18 and 0.05±1.09, respectively, which were all lower than WAZ of HUU group (-0.21±1.04, 0.42±1.19 and 0.41±1.16, respectively), which were all significantly different ( t=8.41, 7.47 and 5.18, respectively, all P<0.001). Length for age Z scores (LAZ) at 3, 6, 12, 18 months of HEU group were -0.23±1.36, -0.01±1.48, -0.18±1.20 and -0.32±1.13, respectively, which were all lower than LAZ of HUU group (0.24±1.26, 0.30±1.26, 0.07±1.11 and 0.04±1.05, respectively), which were all significantly different ( t=6.14, 4.04, 2.72 and 4.30, respectively, all P<0.01). Weight for length Z scores (WLZ) at 0, 3, 6 months of HEU group were -1.05±1.18, 0.23±1.03 and 0.22±0.95, respectively, which were all lower than WLZ of HUU group (-0.20±0.98, 0.44±1.03 and 0.45±1.00, respectively), which were all significantly different ( t=10.90, 2.95 and 2.96, respectively, all P<0.01). After possible confounding factors were corrected, the WAZ of HEU children at 0, 3, 6 months were still lower than those of HUU children, the LAZ of 3, 6, 12, 18 months were still lower than those of HUU children, and the WLZ of 0, 3, 6 months were still lower than those of HUU children. Conclusions:The differences between HEU and HUU children in Chengdu City mainly occur within six months of age, but the differences of body length persist until 18 months of age.Prenatal exposure to HIV infection affects both fetal and postnatal body growth and development.
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Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of early serum lactate, albumin, and lactate/albumin ratio (L/A) on the 28-day prognosis of adult patients with sepsis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted among adult patients with sepsis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January to December in 2020. Gender, age, comorbidities, lactate within 24 hours of admission, albumin, L/A, interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and 28-day prognosis were recorded. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to analyze the predictive value of lactate, albumin and L/A for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Subgroup analysis of patients was performed according to the best cut-off value, Kaplan-Meier survival curves were drawn, and the 28-day cumulative survival of patients with sepsis was analyzed.Results:A total of 274 patients with sepsis were included, and 122 patients died at 28 days, with a 28-day mortality of 44.53%. Compared with the survival group, the age, the proportion of pulmonary infection, the proportion of shock, lactate, L/A and IL-6 in the death group were significantly increased, and albumin was significantly decreased [age (years): 65 (51, 79) vs. 57 (48, 73), pulmonary infection: 75.4% vs. 53.3%, shock: 37.7% vs. 15.1%, lactate (mmol/L): 4.76 (2.95, 9.23) vs. 2.21 (1.44, 3.19), L/A: 0.18 (0.10, 0.35) vs. 0.08 (0.05, 0.11), IL-6 (ng/L): 337.00 (97.73, 2 318.50) vs. 55.88 (25.26, 150.65), albumin (g/L): 27.68 (21.02, 33.03) vs. 29.62 (25.25, 34.23), all P < 0.05]. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of lactate, albumin, and L/A were 0.794 (95% CI was 0.741-0.840), 0.589 (95% CI was 0.528-0.647), 0.807 (95% CI was 0.755-0.852) for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of lactate was 4.07 mmol/L, the sensitivity was 57.38%, the specificity was 92.76%. The optimal diagnostic cut-off value of albumin was 22.28 g/L, the sensitivity was 31.15%, the specificity was 92.76%. The optimal diagnostic cut-off of L/A was 0.16, the sensitivity was 54.92%, and the specificity was 95.39%. Subgroup analysis showed that the 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in the L/A > 0.16 group was significantly higher than that in the L/A ≤ 0.16 group [90.5% (67/74) vs. 27.5% (55/200), P < 0.001]. The 28-day mortality of sepsis patients in the albumin ≤ 22.28 g/L group was significantly higher than that in the albumin > 22.28 g/L group [77.6% (38/49) vs. 37.3% (84/225), P < 0.001]. The 28-day mortality in the group with lactate > 4.07 mmol/L was significantly higher than that in the group with lactate ≤ 4.07 mmol/L [86.4% (70/81) vs. 26.9% (52/193), P < 0.001]. The three were consistent with the analysis results of Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Conclusion:The early serum lactate, albumin, and L/A were all valuable in predicting the 28-day prognosis of patients with sepsis, and L/A was better than lactate and albumin.
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Objective:To analyze the relationship between dietary composition of residents in endemic fluorosis areas and skeletal fluorosis.Methods:A case-control study was used to analyze the difference of dietary composition between patients with skeletal fluorosis (case group) and residents without skeletal fluorosis (control group). In August 2019, taking the drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis area in Wenshui County, Lvliang City, Shanxi Province as the survey site, a cluster sampling method was adopted to select local residents aged over 18 years old, and a questionnaire survey was conducted by face-to-face interview. The survey contents included gender, age and consumption frequency of various foods. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between food consumption frequency and skeletal fluorosis. The diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis was made by using portable digital radiography (DR) to take X-ray films of forearm and lower leg, combining with clinical signs, and according to the Diagnostic Standard for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis (WS/T 192-2008) to determine.Results:A total of 1 061 subjects were included in this study, including 376 in the case group and 685 in the control group. The age composition of patients in the case group (≤60, > 60 years old: 162, 214 cases) was significantly different from that in the control group (≤60, > 60 years old: 423, 261 cases, χ 2 = 34.52, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in gender ratio (χ 2 = 1.37, P = 0.251). The proportion of patients in the case group who ate meat and eggs > 1 time/week was lower than that in the control group (χ 2 = 8.06, 5.46, P < 0.05), the proportion of patients who ate milk > 1 time/week was higher than that in the control group (χ 2 = 4.01, P = 0.046), and the proportion of patients who ate seafood ≥1 time/week was lower than that in the control group (χ 2 = 4.16, P = 0.046). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, and urinary fluoride, the frequency of eating meat, eggs or milk > 1 time/week and the frequency of eating seafood ≥1 time/week were not related to the risk of skeletal fluorosis ( P > 0.05); however, in the group ≤60 years old, the frequency of eating eggs > 1 time/week was associated with the risk of skeletal fluorosis [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.39, 0.88]. Conclusions:The consumption frequency of meat, milk, eggs and seafood is significantly different between the skeletal fluorosis patients and the control people. In the population ≤60 years old, consumption frequency of eggs > 1 time/week may reduce the risk of skeletal fluorosis.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.
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Objective@#To explore the relationship between physical fitness and energy balance related behaviors (EBRBs), and their influencing factors among primary school students, so as to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of physical fitness in primary school students.@*Methods@#By using a random sampling method, a total of 1 451 pupils aged 10-12 were selected from 8 regions of Shannxi Province (Fengxiang, Weibin, Danfeng, Shangzhou, Huazhou, Linwei, Gaoling, Weiyang). According to the total score of physical fitness test, pupils were divided into the excellent good physical fitness group and the pass failed group. The students EBRBs and their influencing factors were investigated cross sectionally, and the Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between physical fitness and EBRBs.@*Results@#Breakfasts behavior( r = 0.061 ) and physical activity behavior( r =0.105) among primary school students were positively correlated with total physical scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (757.56, 768.57)were higher than that of the pass failed group(710.93, 705.67) ( Z= -2.41, -2.69, P <0.05). The screen behavior ( r =-0.065) was negatively correlated with the total physical fitness scores, with the excellent good physical fitness group (681.96) was significantly lower than the pass failed group(747.04) ( Z=2.78, P < 0.05 ). There was no statistically significant correlation between the frequency of beverage behavior and the total score of physical fitness ( P >0.05). The excellent good physical fitness group scored(762.22, 761.19, 758.82, 756.00, 761.20, 755.57, 761.52, 759.48, 781.78) higher than the pass failed group(708.70, 709.19, 710.32, 711.67, 709.19, 711.88, 709.04, 710.01, 699.36) including health beliefs, parental norms and parental role models for breakfast behaviors, and preferences, self efficacy, and self regulation for physical activities, as well as self efficacy, parental role models, family rules for screen behavior ( Z=-2.40, -2.78, -2.35, -2.48, -2.52, -2.27, -2.35, -2.22, -3.65, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The physical fitness of primary school students is affected by EBRBs. Parents should model positive behaviors in the family, promote the health behavior of primary school students, improve the physical health of primary school students health.
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Objective@#To analyze the eye gaze pattern during the orienteering exercise and effects of orienteering exercises on myopia prevention and control in primary school students, so as to provide reference for the effective prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#Visual acuity screening was conducted on fifth grade students aged 10-11 years old in Shaanxi Normal University Primary School, and 120 primary school students with abnormal visual acuity were selected and randomly divided into experimental group ( n =60) and control group ( n =60). The experimental group practiced orienteering cross country program on the basis of the control group, and compared the differences in myopia improvement between the two groups through the characteristics of eye changes tested by ETG spectacle type oculomotor.@*Results@#The differences between the experimental group and the control group in naked eye visual acuity, refraction and visual fatigue before the intervention were not statistically significant ( t=0.13, 1.94, 0.70, P > 0.05); after ten weeks of intervention, the naked eye visual acuity, refraction and visual fatigue of the experimental group were better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=11.28, 15.03, -247.01, P <0.05). During the process of map recognition and scene recognition, the differences in fixation time, number, frequency and saccade distance of the experimental group were statistically significant ( t=-13.62, -7.83, 4.82, 7.15, P <0.05); the students in the experimental group showed alternate eye gaze characteristics in the process of map recognition and scene recognition.@*Conclusion@#During orienteering exercises, map recognition and real scene recognition mobilized eye following, sweeping, gaze, focus and alternate visual tracking, which have an improved effect on myopia prevention and control in primary school students.
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Objective To investigate the application effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) combined with controlled low central venous pressure (CLCVP) in hepatectomy. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent elective partial hepatectomy in Yougchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from May 2021 to April 2022 were enrolled and divided into control group (group C), CLCVP group (group L), RIPC group (group R), and RIPC+CLCVP group (group RL) using a random number table, with 20 patients in each group. The patients in group L received CLCVP, those in group R received RIPC, and those in group RL received both CLCVP and RIPC. The patients were compared in terms of perioperative general status and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin on preoperative day 1(D0), postoperative day 1(D1), postoperative day 3(D3), postoperative day 5(D5), and postoperative day 7(D7). A one-way analysis of variance or a repeated measures analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data. Results Compared with group R, group RL had a significantly shorter time of operation ( H =14.278, P =0.015), a significantly lower total infusion volume ( H =24.175, P =0.001), and a significantly lower estimated blood loss ( H =45.625, P < 0.001). Group and time factors had significant interaction effects on TNFα, ALT, and AST in the four groups ( P < 0.001; P =0.010; P =0.012). Group RL had a significantly lower level of TNFα than group L on D1( P < 0.001) and D3( P < 0.001). Group RL had a significantly lower level of ALT than group L on D1( P =0.008) and D7( P < 0.001). Conclusion For patients undergoing hepatectomy, RIPC combined with CLCVP can effectively reduce intraoperative blood loss, provide a clear surgical field, and shorten the time of operation; meanwhile, it can also inhibit inflammatory response by reducing TNFα, but it cannot effectively alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury after hepatectomy under the context of CLCVP.
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Objective@#To perform an epidemiological survey of the first case with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Pinghu City of Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province on March 13, 2022, so as to provide insights into the management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemics. @*Methods@#According to the requirements of the Protocol on Prevention and Control of COVID-19 (8th Edition), epidemiological investigations were performed among 39 cases with SARS-CoV-2 infections in Pinghu City from March 13 to 20, 2022. Cases' demographics, clinical symptoms, history of immunization and exposure were collected, and close contacts were identified. Pharyngeal swabs were sampled from infected cases for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and whole-genome sequencing, and the source of infection and transmission route were investigated. @*Results@#The index case for this COVID-19 epidemic was an imported case from Shanghai Municipality, who infected 6 persons via aerosol transmission when playing in the badminton venue of Pinghu National Fitness Center on March 9; subsequently, one of these infected cases infected another 18 persons when playing in the badminton venue of Jiadian Village Resident's Fitness Center in Zhapu Township on March 12. Sixteen confirmed cases were reported, and all cases were mild; another 23 asymptomatic cases were diagnosed, with no death reported. This epidemic occurred from March 11 to 20, with 3 generations of spread and a median incubation period of 3 days. The SARS-CoV-2 infected cases had a median age of 33.5 (interquartile range, 12.0) years and included 36 cases with a history of COVID-19 vaccination. There were 16 cases with fever, cough, runny nose and sore throat, and 13 cases with imaging features of pneumonia. The effective reproductive number (Rt) of the COVID-19 epidemic was 7.73 at early stage, and was less than 1 since March 21. Whole-genome sequencing identified Omicron BA.2 variant among 33 cases, which had high homology with the index cases. @*Conclusion@#This epidemic was a cluster of COVID-19 caused by imported Omicron BA.2 variant infection from Shanghai Municipality, and the COVID-19 transmission was mainly caused by indoor aerosols.
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OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation technology of ethanol extracts from Centipeda minima， and investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of different extraction sites. METHODS Single factor test and response surface methodology were adopted to investigate the effects of ethanol volume fraction， extraction time， solid-liquid ratio and extraction times on the heating reflux extraction technology of total triterpenoids ethanol extract using the extraction rate of total triterpenoids of C. minima as indexes， optimize the extraction technology and carry out validation. Using dexamethasone as positive control drug， the effects of different extraction sites of C. minima （petroleum ether part， ethyl acetate part， n-butanol part， water part） on nitric oxide （NO） production in mononuclear macrophage RAW 264.7 cells of mice induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） were compared； the half inhibitory concentration （IC50） was calculated. RESULTS The optimal extraction technology of total triterpenoids ethanol extracts of C. minima was as follows： ethanol volume fraction of 70%， solid-liquid ratio of 1∶40 （g/mL）， extraction time of 2.0 h and extraction times of 3 times. The 3 times of validation tests showed that average extraction rate of total triterpenoids of C. minima was 1.134%， relative error of which with the predicted value was 0.02%. The petroleum ether part and ethyl acetate part of C. minima could inhibit the generation of NO in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide to different degrees. IC50 values of NO production were 2.44 μg/mL and 2.22 μg/mL， respectively， and both of them were lower than those of positive control drug dexamethasone （7.65 μg/mL）. CONCLUSIONS The optimized preparation process of ethanol extracts from C. minima is stability and feasibility. The petroleum ether part and ethyl acetate part have obvious anti-inflammatory effects.
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Objective @#To investigate the histological damage recovery of temporomandibular joint condylar cartilage caused by chronic unpredictable moderate stress, aiming to provide an experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of temporomandibular disorder.@*Methods @#This animal experiment was approved by the Laboratory Animal Ethical Inspection, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University (No. 2020081). 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, stress group, and 2-, 4- and 8-week post-stress recovery groups. Rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable moderate stress (CUMS) for 8 weeks including damp sawdust for 24 hours, tilted cage for 12 hours, noise for 4 hours, light/dark cycle reversal, water immersion, tail clamp, and restraint stress. The serum assessment, behavioral tests, histological and ultrastructural observation were performed 2-, 4- and 8-weeks after stress factors were removed. Serum levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) were determined with ELISA. The sucrose preference test (SPT) and the forced swim test (FST) were used to assess the depressive-like behavior. The expression level of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) were determined by Immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*Results @#At the end of 8 weeks of CUMS, the serum levels of CORT and ACTH were significantly higher in stress group compared with control group (P<0.01). The sucrose preference decreased significantly and the immobility time increased significantly in the stressed rats compared with those in the control group, indicating a successful establishment of CUMS. The condylar cartilage showed significant degenerative changes, with disorganized collagen fibers and reduced proteoglycan synthesis on the cartilage surface. IL-1α and MMP-3 were expressed in the intracellular and extracellular matrix of the condylar cartilage, and their expression levels were increased (P<0.01). After 2 weeks of stress removal, the serum levels of CORT and ACTH were decreased but higher than control group (P<0.01), and behavioral changes were still different from the control group (P<0.01); the loosened collagen fibers could still be seen on the surface of condylar cartilage, and some free cell areas were visible within the proliferative layer; additionally, IL-1α and MMP-3 expression in the condyle was reduced in all layers of cartilage when compared with the stress group, but was still higher than in the control group (P<0.01). After 4 weeks of stress removal, the serum levels of CORT and ACTH changes returned to normal levels and behavioral changes were still different from control group (P<0.05); a few collagen fibers could be seen on the surface of the condylar cartilage and the expressions of IL-1α and MMP-3 decreased significantly compared with the stress group (P<0.01), with the similar level of IL-1α (P>0.05) and higher expression of MMP-3 comparing with the control group (P<0.01). After 8 weeks of stress removal, behavioral changes returned to normal levels, with no statistically significant differences compared with the control group (P>0.05). The condylar collagen fibers increased and showed a corrugated pattern, and no serious subchondral bone damage as well as irreversible damage occurred. Both of the expression levels of IL-1α and MMP-3 approached those of the control group after 8 weeks of stress removal (P>0.05). @*Conclusion@# The behavioral changes and condylar cartilage damage caused by CUMS could be self-repaired. The decline in IL-1α and MMP-3 expression may be one of the intrinsic mechanisms of this self-repair process.
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Objective:To compare the predictive ability of SpO 2/FiO 2(S/F) and ROX index on the failure of high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)therapy in children with acute respiratory failure after congenital heart disease surgery, and to identify the best cut-off point. Methods:Through a case-control study, the clinical data of 371 children with acute respiratory failure after congenital heart surgery treated with HFNC admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The primary outcome was the need for re-intubation within 48 h after extubation of invasive ventilation.The ability of S/F and ROX index to predict HFNC failure was compared, and the optimal cut-off point was determined based on the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve.Results:A total of 371 children were included, of whom 27 (7.3%) eventually required mechanical ventilation within 48 h. The S/F prediction accuracy was highest after 6 h of HFNC treatment(AUC=0.712, 95% CI 0.599-0.825, P=0.001), and the best cut-off point for S/F was 178 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)(sensitivity 74.9%, specificity 69.6%). Whereas the prediction accuracy of the ROX index was highest after 12 hours of HFNC treatment, the AUC was 0.737(95% CI 0.623-0.851, P=0.002), and the best cut-off point of the ROX index was 5.865(sensitivity 72.4% specificity 66.7%). The difference in AUC between S/F after 6 h of HFNC treatment and ROX after 12 h was not statistically significant ( P=0.444), with higher sensitivity and specificity, and earlier prediction time(6 hours) in the former. Conclusion:Children with acute respiratory failure after congenital heart surgery have a strong predictive ability of S/F after 6 h of HFNC treatment, and the risk of HFNC treatment failure is higher in children with S/F <178 mmHg.
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) transport and transmit intercellular information and play an essential role in physiological and pathological processes. MSC-EVs, MSC-EVs-microRNA, and genetically modified MSC-EVs are involved in the onset and progression of different liver diseases and play a role in reducing liver cell damage, promoting liver cell regeneration, inhibiting liver fibrosis, regulating liver immunity, alleviating liver oxidative stress, inhibiting liver cancer occurrence, and others. Hence, it will replace MSCs as a research hotspot for cell-free therapy. This article reviews the research progress of MSC-EVs in liver diseases and provides a new basis for cell-free therapy of clinical liver diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Extracellular Vesicles , MicroRNAs/genetics , Liver Neoplasms , Mesenchymal Stem CellsABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method for the determination of trace cobalt and tungsten in human urine. Methods: The authors used 1% nitric acid solution as diluent in October-December 2021, the sample dilution factor and internal standard element were optimized by single factor rotation experiment, and the difference between the working curve and the standard curve was compared. Results: The method uses working curve to determine cobalt and tungsten in urine, the linear range of this method was 0.0~10.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.999 9, the detection limits respectively were 0.005 μg/L (cobalt) and 0.09 μg/L (tungsten), the recoveries of samples respectively were 87.0%~100.2% (cobalt) and 89.4%~104.8% (tungsten), the relative standard deviations respectively were 0.4%~4.4% (cobalt) and 0.6%~3.8% (tungsten) . Conclusion: A simple and rapid method for determination of cobalt and tungsten in urine has been established. This method has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, low detection limit and good stability. It is suitable for determination of cobalt and tungsten in urine of all kinds of people.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cobalt/analysis , Tungsten/analysis , Spectrum Analysis , Nitric Acid , Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the relationship between the quality of residential community in childhood and cognitive function of the middle-aged and older people in China. Methods: Based on the data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011, 10 940 people aged≥45 years who met the criteria were included. The general demographic characteristics, lifestyle, personal disease history, quality of residential community and cognitive function of the subjects were collected by using standardized questionnaires. The quality of residential community in childhood included community safety, community enthusiasm and neighborhood relationship. The cognitive function was measured in cognitive integrity and episodic memory. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the quality of residential community in childhood and cognitive function of the middle-aged and older people. Results: The age of 10 940 subjects were (58.3±9.1) years old, with 51.5% (5 635) being female and 47.3% (5 174) having good cognitive function. The results of multivariate logistic regression model showed that compared with those who lived in an extremely unsafe, unenthusiastic and unharmonious community in childhood, there was an improvement in the cognitive function of the middle-aged and older people who lived in a relatively safe (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.57-1.00) and a safer (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.55-0.95) community, in a relatively enthusiastic (OR=0.69, 95%CI: 0.56-0.85) and a more enthusiastic (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.57-0.87) community, and in a less harmonious (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.34-0.94), relatively harmonious (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.83) and more harmonious (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.79) community during their childhood. Conclusion: There is a significantly positive relationship between the quality of residential community in childhood and cognitive function of the middle-aged and older people.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Aged , Male , Longitudinal Studies , Cognition , Retirement , Surveys and Questionnaires , ChinaABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the association between waist circumference with psychological sub health among middle school students in Xinjiang, and to provide evidence for the management of waist circumference and effective prevention of mental health problems.@*Methods@#By using the stratified cluster sampling, 6 191 middle school students aged 13-15 in Urumqi, Karamay, Yining, and Kashgar of Xinjiang were surveyed on demographic information, lifestyle, waist circumference, and psychological sub health symptoms. Chi square test, one way ANOVA, and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between waist circumference and mental sub health.@*Results@#The detection rate of psychological subhealth among secondary school students in Xinjiang was 21.4%. The detection rates of emotional problems, behavioral problems, and social adjustment difficulties were 28.4 %, 28.1%, and 17.7%, respectively. Significant differences in the detection rate of emotional problems, social adjustment difficulties, and psychological sub health scores were observed among students with different waist circumference levels ( F= 4.03 , 10.90 , 5.81, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that secondary school students with high waist circumference had a higher risk of social adjustment difficulties ( OR=1.45, 95%CI =1.20-1.75) and psychological sub health problems ( OR=1.46, 95%CI =1.22-1.74) compared to those with normal waist circumference ( P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Psychological sub health problems of middle school students in Xinjiang are prominent, and the waist circumference is positively related to the psychological sub health problems. Schools should pay attention to the mental health education of middle school students, ensure reasonable diet, sleep and living habits, and promote their physical and mental health development.
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BACKGROUND@#The validation of various risk scores in elderly patients with comorbid atrial fibrillation (AF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has not been reported. The present study compared the predictive performance of existing risk scores in these patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 1252 elderly patients with AF and ACS comorbidities (≥ 65 years old) were consecutively enrolled from January 2015 to December 2019. All patients were followed up for one year. The predictive performance of risk scores in predicting bleeding and thromboembolic events was calculated and compared.@*RESULTS@#During the 1-year follow-up, 183 (14.6%) patients had thromboembolic events, 198 (15.8%) patients had BARC class ≥ 2 bleeding events, and 61 (4.9%) patients had BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events. For the BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events, discrimination of the existing risk scores was low to moderate, PRECISE-DAPT (C-statistic: 0.638, 95% CI: 0.611-0.665), ATRIA (C-statistic: 0.615, 95% CI: 0.587-0.642), PARIS-MB (C-statistic: 0.612, 95% CI: 0.584-0.639), HAS-BLED (C-statistic: 0.597, 95% CI: 0.569-0.624) and CRUSADE (C-statistic: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.567-0.622). However, the calibration was good. PRECISE-DAPT showed a higher integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) than PARIS-MB, HAS-BLED, ATRIA, and CRUSADE (P < 0.05) and the best decision curve analysis (DCA). For thromboembolic events, the discrimination of GRACE (C-statistic: 0.636, 95% CI: 0.608-0.662) was higher than CHA2DS2-VASc (C-statistic: 0.612, 95% CI: 0.584-0.639), OPT-CAD (C-statistic: 0.602, 95% CI: 0.574-0.629) and PARIS-CTE (C-statistic: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.567-0.622). The calibration was good. Compared to OPT-CAD and PARIS-CTE, the IDI of the GRACE score slightly improved (P < 0.05). However, NRI analysis showed no significant difference. DCA showed that the clinical practicability of thromboembolic risk scores was similar.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The discrimination and calibration of existing risk scores in predicting 1-year thromboembolic and bleeding events were unsatisfactory in elderly patients with comorbid AF and ACS. PRECISE-DAPT showed higher IDI and DCA than other risk scores in predicting BARC class ≥ 3 bleeding events. The GRACE score showed a slight advantage in predicting thrombotic events.
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Abstract Objective Abnormal complement activation is associated with periodontitis. W54011 is a novel non-peptide C5aR antagonist (C5aRA) that exhibits favorable anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory models. However, whether W54011 inhibits periodontitis has not yet been fully elucidated. To address this, we have investigated the probable anti-inflammatory mechanism of W54011 in LPS-treated inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methodology HGFs were isolated from healthy gingival tissue samples using the tissue block method and were identified with immunofluorescence staining. The CCK8 assay and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were used to select the optimal induction conditions for Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and C5aRA (according to supplementary data S1, S2 and S3). The levels of inflammatory cytokines, C5aR, and the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways were determined by RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Results Immunofluorescence results showed that vimentin and FSP-1 were positive in HGFs and Keratin was negative in HGFs. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that C5aRA inhibited LPS-stimulated nuclear translocation of p-p65. RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that C5aRA reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, C5aR, p-p65, p-IκBα, p-JNK, p-c-JUN, and TLR4 in LPS-induced HGFs. Conclusion These findings suggested that C5aRA attenuated the release of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced HGFs by blocking the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.